Types of Camera Movements

Camera Movement

Camera movements are often implemented to add anticipation to shots, their best use is when new information is exposed. Camera movements can be distracting and even annoying when overused or used without a reason. Don’t use a camera movement to show that you can. Use it when you know you need it.

Camera movement is useful to help engage the viewer in the action in a scene, reveal emotion and elements on screen or set the pace. As such, it is essential to know when to use which types of camera movement in order to add information and drama to a scene.

The Three Main Basic Types of Camera Movements

Only the Camera Lens Moves

The Movement Created by Mounted camera.

Both the Camera Operator and Camera Movers together

Only the Camera Lens Moves

1. Zoom

Zoom is nothing but zooming your lens. It create different illusions, which can effects the audience perception of size and distance. Zooms happen at the push of a button. Zoom in refers to apparently “approaching” the character of object, thus making it look bigger in the frame. Zoom out refers to apparently “distancing” the character or object, thus making it look smaller. Commonly tripod is recommended when using the zoom technique to avoid shaking frame.

some people misconception, the terms “zoom” and “dolly” are not interchangeable. With zooms, the camera in standard position, but the lens magnify or minimize the size of the Character or object With dollies, the camera is being moved in a physical space.

2. Crash Zoom / Rack Focus

Crash Zoom is an interesting camera movement technique, which can give your shots more impact. This technique calls for focusing the camera on one Character or object in a close up shot, causing the whole thing in the background to be out of focus, then causing the Character become out of focus whereas the background becomes in focus.

This is done by changing the focal length so that one object will go out of focus at the same time as another comes into focus. The two objects must be at a correct distance away from each other for this camera movement technique to work, and tripod is recommended when using this camera movement technique.

The Movement Created by Mounted Camera

3.  Pan

Pan movement is simply moving the camera horizontally from left to right (Pan right) or right to left (Pan Left).  Note that the camera itself is not moving. It is often fixed on tripod, with the cinematographer turning it. Pan shots are used to show the audience more of the scenery. This technique is also often used to show moving objects like cars speeding or people walking; or to show sweeping vistas like an ocean or a cliff.

You should practice panning at various speeds until you find the speed that works best for you. A smooth pan with be slow enough to allow the audience to observe the scenery. A fast pan will create blur. If it’s too fast, it will be called a Swish pan.

4. Tilt

Tilt is must like panning but only it is done vertically. Just move the camera up or down, without lowering or raising the position of the camera. This camera movement technique is used to to reveal vertical objects like a building or a person.

You should note that when you tilt from bottom to top, the Character or object looks superior. When you tilt from top to bottom, the character or object looks less significant or thinner.

5. Pedestal

In this camera movement, The camera body will physically elevated or lowered. This camera movement is little opposite to tilt movement. The difference between pedestals and tilts is that in the tilt, the camera lens is just being aimed up or down, whereas in the pedestal, the camera is being moved vertically. This technique is simply used to get the proper view that you are looking for.

Both the Camera Operator and Camera Movers together

6. Track / Dolly

The camera should be mounted on a wheeled-platform and Moving the camera forward is called dolly in. Moving the camera backward is called dolly out. This camera movement is used to follow the character or subject.

Tracking is similar to dolling. The main difference being that in dollies the camera is moved toward or away from the character or object, but in a track shot, the camera is moved sideways, parallel to the character or object.

7. Dolly Counter Zoom

The dolly counter zoom movement is a unusual type of shot. The Dolly moves forward to the character or subject, at the same time zooming out your camera or wise versa. You can get  stylish effect in this shot the size of the character or subject remains the same but the volume of the background varies.

8. Boom / Crane

A boom essentially consists of a camera attached to an arm of varying lengths that can pivot through a fixed point. It is a smaller version of the cranes that are used for construction. A camera boom is used to get a view of character or subject from above. These are commonly used in films, and the boom moves up, down, and around. This system requires far more setup time because of the multiple pieces of equipment that must be assembled. So shots requiring boom movement require planning in advance of your shoot.

9. Floating Stabilizer

Floating stabilizer is a step up of the dolly movement. You can follow the subject around twists and turns. The movement of dolly has a limitation, floating stabilizer eliminates those limitations. The stabilizer is strapped to the cinematographer, and the camera is mounted to the stabilizer with metal jointed which are controlled by gyroscopes.

10. Handheld

Using this technique, the cinematographer simply holds the camera, and moves, however and wherever he needs to move to get the shot that he wants. when taking handheld shots you should avoid using the zoom techniques. Zooming while using the handheld technique will make your shot shaky.

                                                                                                                  - Jagadish

Basic Camera Angles

Camera Angle

The term camera angle  refers to the way a shot is composed. The relationship between the camera and the object being picturise gives emotional information to an audience, and guides their perception about the character in shot. The more intense the angle, the more symbolic and heavily-loaded the shot.

1. Eye Level

An eye-level angle is the one in which the camera is placed at the subject’s height approximately five to six feet from the ground, so if the actor is looking at the lens, he wouldn’t have to look up or down. Eye-level shots are incredibly common because they are fairly neutral shot. They often have no dramatic power whatsoever, thus they are ideal for romantic comedies and news casting

2. The Bird's-Eye view

The shot is shown from directly above. This is a completely different and very unnatural point of view which can be used for dramatic effect or for showing a different perspective.

In drama it can be used to show the positions and motions of different characters and objects, enabling the viewer to see things the characters can't. This shot does, however, put the audience in a godlike position, looking down on the action.

3. High Angle

A High angle also known as Top Angle, it shows the subject from above but not so extreme as a bird's eye view. High angles make the object photographed seem smaller, it aims to portray the subject as submissive, inferior or weak in some way.

4. Low Angle

Low angles are captured from a camera placed below the actor’s eyes, looking up at them. Low angles  making them appear larger so as to convey them as heroic and giving them the impression of being more powerful or dominant. This is totally opposite to High Angle or Top angle shot.

5. Dutch Tilt Angle

Also called canted or Slanted angle, this is where the camera is purposely tilted to one side so the horizon is on an angle. Dutch Tilt angles can be employed with great artistic effect to disorient and disturb the viewer. It is unusual angle but sometimes camera is tilted to represent imbalance and instability (very popular in horror movies).  This technique is suggest Point of View shots (POV).

                                                                                                                                          

- Jagadish

Basic Types of Shots in Film Making and Photography

What is Shot?

In film making and video creation, a shot is a series of frames, that runs for an continuous period of time. Film shots are an important aspect of a movie where angles, transitions and cuts are used to further express feelings, emotions,  ideas and movement.

1.  Extreme Long Shot (ELS)

Extreme Long Shots are used to show the subject from a distance, or the Location in which the scene is taking place. This type of shot is particularly useful for establishing a scene

2. Long Shot (LS)

Long Shots also known as full shot or Wide shot, Long Shots shows the subject from top to bottom, and  usually projected to put the object or person in some relation to the Location.

3. Medium Long shot (MLS)

Medium long shots include a character or characters from approximately the knees up in the frame, It is an Intermediate between Long Shot and Medium Shot. Shows subject from the knees up. These shots are also known as American shots.

4. Medium Shot (MS)

Medium Shot  also referred to as a Semi-Close Shot, a medium shot Usually frames actor from the waist up and  It aims to capture subtle facial expressions combined with their body language or surrounding environment that may be essential to provide context. The medium shot should usually contain all the action of the scene and it should be well matched with the flow of the long shot, so that the editor can cut smoothly at practically any point between them.

5. Medium Close Up Shot (MCU)

Medium Close Up Shot captures between a Medium Shot and a Close Up, typically framing the subject from shoulder up.

6. Close Up Shot (CU)

The close up keeps only the subject or a person’s face full in the frame. It is, without a doubt, the most essential shot type to show dramatic elements, reactions, or emotion.

7. Extreme Close Up  (ECU)

Extreme Close up Shots also known as Macro shot, This shot is traditionally used in films to Emphasizes a small area or detail of the subject, such as the eye or mouth. An Extreme Close Up of just the eyes is sometimes called an Italian Shot

- by Jagadish

Basic Composition technique for Photography and Cinematography

How to increase the visual interest in the frame?

We will get the step by step answer below for the question

What is Composition?

Composing an image means arranging elements within it in a way that suits the core idea or goal of your work best. Arranging elements can be done by actually moving the objects or subjects. A good example for this case is portrait or still life photography. Street photography involves anticipation, since the photographer doesn’t usually have the choice of moving his subjects himself, but has to wait for them to take the most suitable position within the frame. Another way of arranging elements is by changing your own position. Such a way is appropriate in circumstances that do not allow the photographer to physically move anything, like landscape Photography.

Rule of Thirds

The basic principle behind the rule of thirds is to imagine breaking an image down into thirds (both horizontally and vertically) so that you have 9 parts. Then place your subject in the left or right vertical line and place the subject's eye in the intersection part. photo becomes more balanced and will enable a viewer of the image to interact with it more naturally. The rule of thirds automatically makes you to fix your background location in the horizontal line. 

                     

             

Head Room

                   

Nothing but the space between the subject's head and top of the frame. Head room is most important for a long shot and mid shot but you need not to follow the head room for close up and Extreme close up shots. But you have to careful about the death space

Lead Room

Lead room also known as Nose room, is nothing but the Space between the subject's face and the edge of the frame.

Final Note:

If you follow the above mentioned rules you will click well composed photographs.

- by Jagadish